Design a distributed logging system.

Focus on the key components of a distributed logging system, including data ingestion, storage, and retrieval. Consider how to ensure scalability and fault tolerance, as well as how to handle high throughput and low latency. Discuss the choice of data formats (e.g., JSON, Protobuf) and protocols (e.g., HTTP, gRPC) for log transmission. Address how to implement log aggregation, querying, and visualization, and think about security and compliance aspects, such as data encryption and access control. Be prepared to justify your architectural decisions and discuss trade-offs between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance (CAP theorem).