What happens when you navigate to a website?

Focus on breaking down the entire process that occurs from the moment a user enters a URL until the webpage is fully loaded. Start with the DNS resolution, explaining how the domain name is translated into an IP address. Then, describe the HTTP/HTTPS request and response cycle, including the role of web servers and browsers. Highlight the rendering process in the browser, touching on how HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are processed. Finally, consider discussing caching mechanisms and how they impact load times and user experience. Be prepared to answer follow-up questions about optimizations or troubleshooting common issues in this flow.